What impact does an approach speed have on landing?

The impact of approach speed on landing is significant, particularly in terms of landing distance. When an aircraft approaches the runway at a higher speed than necessary, it increases the kinetic energy that must be dissipated upon landing. This generally results in a longer landing roll, as the aircraft takes more time and distance to decelerate to a complete stop.

Higher approach speeds can lead to a steeper descent rate, making it difficult for the pilot to control the aircraft's descent and flare accurately. This can also lead to increased wear on the aircraft's brakes and tires, further compounding the effects of an extended landing distance.

In contrast, a slower approach speed is typically associated with reduced landing distances, as the aircraft is able to utilize its lift and drag more efficiently during the landing phase, leading to a more controlled descent and shorter rollout. Thus, understanding and managing approach speed is crucial for safe and efficient landings.