What is true regarding aircraft icing?

The statement that small amounts of ice cause the same penalties as larger accumulations accurately reflects the critical effects of icing on aircraft performance and safety. Ice can disrupt the smooth flow of air over the aircraft's surfaces, which can increase drag, reduce lift, and adversely affect control. Even small amounts of ice can create significant aerodynamic penalties by altering the airflow characteristics that are essential for maintaining flight stability and performance.

In practical terms, this means that even if only a small accumulation of ice is present, pilots must treat the aircraft as if it is heavily iced because the impact on performance can be equally detrimental. Ice can also change the stall characteristics of the aircraft, which is particularly concerning during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing.

While other statements might present truths about the effects of icing, they do not capture the essence of how even minor ice accumulation poses a significant risk, leading to the selection of this particular answer as the most accurate.