Who is responsible for collision avoidance while flying under IFR conditions?

The Pilot in Command (PIC) holds the ultimate responsibility for collision avoidance while flying under IFR conditions. This duty is inherent to the role of the PIC, regardless of the weather conditions. While Air Traffic Control (ATC) plays a crucial role in providing traffic advisories and can issue instructions to help maintain safe separation, the final authority and responsibility lie with the PIC. This includes making decisions about the flight path, altitude, and navigation as necessary to avoid collisions.

In IFR operations, the PIC must always be aware of the aircraft's surroundings and rely on instruments, situational awareness, and communication with ATC to avoid potential conflicts. As such, the law, regulations, and standard operating procedures clearly designate the PIC as the responsible party for maintaining safety in flight, including collision avoidance.